资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
全球旅游业翘首期待“中国热潮”******
参考消息网1月11日报道多家外媒近来集中报道称,全球旅游业翘首期待“中国热潮”。据路透社1月9日报道,随着中国调整出入境政策,周一,北京的出入境管理部门外面排起了长队,人们急于更新他们的护照。
67岁的退休人员杨建国(音)排在上百人的队伍里,等着更新护照。他计划前往美国,近三年来头一次去看望女儿。
跟妻子一起排队的杨先生说:“女儿去年结婚,但推迟了婚礼,因为我们没法去参加。现在能去了,我们非常高兴。”
德国《经济周刊》网站1月9日的报道也认为,全球旅游业即将迎来中国热潮。
报道称,对爱旅游的中国人来说,好日子终于又要开始了。随着中国全面开放,中国人已在制定2023年的假期计划。
“现在正是好时候。”一位家住北京的女士表示,她正计划全家尽快去泰国旅游:“女儿13岁了,疫情前我觉得她还太小,不能出远门。现在,她可以去看看世界了。”
全球旅游业正希望重回旧时光。2019年,中国出境游高达1.55亿人次,相关旅行支出约2550亿美元。但在疫情期间,这方面的支出大幅减少。
一家中国旅行社的员工说:“现在飞外国的航班还比较少,而且还要先申请签证。”他认为,在即将到来的春节假期,将有数亿人先在国内旅游。
而随着航班数量逐渐增加,从第二季度开始,中国旅客出境游的数量很可能就会激增。这位业内人士预计10月可能出现真正的热潮,因为中国将在那时欢度十一黄金周。
德国是很多中国旅行团的必游之地。在汉堡和杜塞尔多夫,很多小商店曾额外雇用会说汉语的员工,这项语言技能或许马上又要成为优势了。
法国《费加罗报》网站1月8日的报道也指出,法国正准备迎接回归的中国游客。
报道称,从周日开始,中国人又能去外国旅游了。对法国旅游业的大部分从业者来说,这是一种宽慰,他们对消费高于平均水平的客户的回归寄予厚望。酒店、餐馆、翻译、导游、司机、旅行社等都在翘首以盼。
本世纪初,法国为接待中国游客建立了一套完整的生态系统。奢侈品牌雇用了精通普通话的销售人员,百货公司甚至开了为中国旅游团服务的店铺。但在过去近三年间,它们失去了中国游客。
“显然,我们在等他们,”法兰西大岛酒店行业协会主席弗兰克·德尔沃说,“中国客户及其带来的经济效益仍然宝贵。”
为了迎接这些受欢迎的游客,专业人士已进入“备战”状态。
德国媒体、越南媒体介绍了东南亚旅游业的情况。据报道,周一,泰国迎来中国放开后的首批赴泰游客。带着鲜花和礼物,泰国副总理率领几位部长亲自前往接机。此举反映了中国游客对于泰国这个旅游大国的重要意义。
周一的这个航班来自厦门。在机场大厅里,中国游客收到了花环和礼品袋,欢迎横幅上写着“中泰一家亲”以及“神奇泰国永远欢迎中国家人们”。
一名中国游客对美联社表示,自己“感觉很好,感受到泰国人民的好客之情”。
泰国副总理兼卫生部长阿努廷在机场对媒体称,对泰国旅游业来说,中国及其他国家的游客人数持续增长是一个好兆头,这有助于增加收入、推动增长、扩大就业,并将带来其他机会。
而越南国家旅游局1月9日在东北部边境的广宁省芒街市召开会议,讨论吸引中国游客到越南旅游的措施。
中国恢复国际旅游活动已经对全球旅游业产生积极影响,全世界几乎所有国家都拟定了从这个重要市场吸引游客的政策。
越南旅游协会主席武世平(音)强调,越南需要思考吸引中国游客的紧急方案,并发布管理相关活动的规定,以便给游客留下最好的印象并确保可持续发展。
越南旅行联支会主席高智勇(音)认为,有必要迅速恢复岘港、庆和、富国岛等旅游业发达地区的包机网络,并在可以直飞越南的国家加强推广活动;服务提供商需要准备足够的人力资源和基础设施;此外,在微博、抖音、微信等中国社交平台上的交流活动也应该加强。
1月9日,泰国官员在位于泰国首都的素万那普机场欢迎搭乘厦门航空MF833的中国旅客。该航班是中国出入境政策调整后首个中国赴泰国航班。泰国副总理兼卫生部长阿努廷到现场迎接。(新华社发)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)